Carry-on packing works when every item has more than one use and the plan reflects weather, laundry access, and your actual itinerary—not an imaginary version of the trip.
Plan outfits before individual items
Choose a small color palette and lay out complete outfits. Aim for three bottoms, four or five tops, one warmer layer, and one optional dressier piece when the itinerary calls for it.
Limit shoes and bulky pieces
Wear the heaviest footwear in transit and pack one alternate pair. Choose outerwear that works with every outfit instead of carrying a separate jacket for each look.
Decant only what you use
Pack toiletries in trip-sized amounts and follow current airport rules. Keep medication in appropriate packaging and place essential items where you can reach them easily.
Do a one-out review
Zip the bag, weigh it if needed, then remove one item from each overfilled category. Keep room for a small purchase and avoid relying on force to close the suitcase.
Pack for the real itinerary
The best carry-on is not the smallest possible bag. It is a bag you can lift, move, and use without unpacking your whole trip every morning.